- BMW’s intelligent AWD system is now used across X SUVs, sedans, and M models
- Default power split ~40% front, 60% rear to preserve sporty feel
- Dynamic traction adjusts power instantly, rebalancing when grip is lost (0.1s)
- Electronically controlled multi-plate clutch, lighter and faster than hydraulic systems
Driver preferences have shifted dramatically in recent years. Statistics show a significant rise in demand for all-wheel-drive 4x4 vehicles, especially high-powered SUVs. This trend has pushed automakers to equip more models with AWD systems, even on cars with relatively lower power. The reason is simple: all-wheel drive greatly enhances safety in traffic and provides better vehicle control in challenging conditions.
What is BMW’s xDrive system
Each automaker has created its own name for the all-wheel-drive system. Mercedes uses 4Matic, Audi has the famous Quattro system, and BMW chose the name xDrive. Initially, BMW’s xDrive was offered exclusively for the X-series SUVs, but today the system also equips sedans such as the 3 Series and 5 Series.
xDrive technology has even been implemented on high-performance models such as the M5 and M8, where significant improvements in control and vehicle stability at high speeds have been noted.
Transition of BMW from rear-wheel drive to all-wheel drive
BMW was globally known and appreciated for building all cars with rear-wheel drive and a perfect 50:50 weight distribution. This feature offered a unique driving experience, and enthusiasts chose the German brand precisely for these attributes.
Implementing all-wheel drive was not greeted with enthusiasm by purists and BMW fans. Many believed AWD would alter the brand’s DNA. Yet market realities and safety requirements prevailed. Today, more BMW models are equipped with xDrive, and in the near future this system will be standard across most of the range.
How the xDrive system works
xDrive is classified as a variable and intelligent all-wheel-drive system. Unlike traditional 4x4 systems that distribute power fixed or mechanically, xDrive continuously adjusts power distribution between the front and rear axles.
Power distribution under normal conditions
By default, the xDrive system distributes approximately 40% of power to the front wheels and 60% to the rear wheels. This configuration preserves BMW’s characteristic sporty feel, keeping rear-wheel drive as the base while providing the added safety of all-wheel drive when needed.
Dynamic traction adjustment
Sensors mounted at each wheel constantly monitor grip and instantly detect any slip or drift. When the system identifies a loss of grip, power distribution is automatically adjusted to maintain control of the vehicle. This process occurs extremely quickly — the system needs as little as 0.1 seconds to reallocate power, making it one of the most responsive systems on the market.
The technology behind xDrive
Electronically controlled multi-plate clutch
Most all-wheel-drive systems used by other manufacturers are hydraulic. BMW chose a different approach for xDrive: an electronically controlled multi-plate clutch. This technical solution offers several advantages:
- Lower weight: the electronic system is lighter than hydraulic variants
- Faster response: power transfer is instantaneous
- Precision: electronic control allows very fine adjustments
- Reliability: fewer mechanical components mean fewer failure points
Integration with the DSC system
The entire xDrive system is controlled by the DSC (Dynamic Stability Control) system. DSC continuously monitors the vehicle’s behavior and coordinates xDrive actions with the braking and traction‑control systems to deliver the best possible control.
Dynamic Performance Control for the top models
Top-range BMW models, equipped with much more powerful engines, benefit from an advanced system named Dynamic Performance Control. It uses electronically controlled clutch discs from xDrive to actively accelerate the wheel opposite the one that is slipping, without driver involvement.
Simultaneously, the DSC system applies brake force to the slipping wheel. This combination of accelerating one side and braking the other helps quickly reclaim control of the vehicle and improves dynamic behavior in corners.
The advantages of xDrive
- Increased safety in traffic: intelligent power distribution significantly reduces the risk of losing control
- Improved grip: the system ensures optimal traction on any surface
- Performance in difficult conditions: snow, rain, or rough roads become much easier to manage
- Faster accelerations: power delivery to all four wheels enables more efficient acceleration
- Enhanced dynamic behavior: the vehicle responds more precisely to steering inputs
Limitations and drawbacks of xDrive
Fuel consumption
The only notable drawback of xDrive is an increase in fuel consumption by about 10–15% compared to rear-wheel drive. This rise is due to the added weight and extra friction from AWD components.
Still, engine technologies are becoming more efficient. Recent studies indicate this gap will be closed in the next 2–3 years through improved engine efficiency and transmission optimization.
xDrive doesn’t work miracles
When considering purchasing an all-wheel-drive vehicle, it’s important to understand that the system brings significant improvements in safety and grip, but it cannot work miracles.
xDrive cannot fix every mistake you make while driving. You don’t need to worry about rough roads or snow driving, but if you lose control due to a total lack of grip, the system cannot regain traction if it isn’t there.
The laws of physics remain valid: if you drive too fast for road conditions, no electronic system can save you. Always drive with caution and adapt your driving style to the conditions.
Conclusion
BMW’s xDrive represents a natural evolution for the German brand, combining its traditional dynamic sporty character with the safety and versatility of modern all-wheel drive. While purists may lament the loss of pure RWD character, the reality is that xDrive offers the best balance of performance, safety, and everyday usability.
The electronically controlled multi-plate clutch makes xDrive one of the fastest and most precise AWD systems available on the market. For most drivers, the advantages far outweigh the only real drawback — a modest increase in fuel consumption.
photo source: bmw.ro