- Choose hitch by vehicle chassis, anchoring points, rear geometry, and towing capacity.
- Detachable hitches are removable; fixed-mount hitches are permanent and sturdier.
- Ensure the hitch is homologated for your exact car model.
- Hitches are categorized by capacity I–IV (1,000–5,000 kg) and fifth-wheel options for heavy uses.
An increasing number of passenger cars in Romania are equipped with a tow hitch. Some drivers install it for protection in busy urban areas, while others use it for actual towing—damaged cars, flatbeds or caravans. Although the law allows the hitch to be mounted only when towing something, fines for this rule are rare in practice.
However, choosing the right hitch is more complex than it seems. It involves important technical considerations related to the vehicle’s towing capacity, chassis type, and planned use.
Tow hitch types by mounting system
Detachable tow hitches
These hitches can be easily removed after use, making them ideal for occasional use. They are secured by quick-release systems that allow removal without tools. They are preferred by drivers who do not want a permanently visible hitch.
Fixed-mount (bolted) tow hitches
These are permanently mounted on the vehicle via bolts and are more robust. They provide superior stability for frequent towing or heavy loads, but remain visible at all times.
Vehicle compatibility - essential aspect
Each type of vehicle requires a specific hitch, they are not universal. Compatibility is determined by:
- Type of chassis - the support structure varies between models
- Anchoring points - the position and strength of these vary
- Rear geometry - rear bar, exhaust, sensors
- Towing capacity of the vehicle - specified in the technical manual
Before purchase, it is fundamental to check whether the hitch is homologated for the exact model of your car.
Categories of tow hitches by towing capacity
Classification is based on the maximum mass the vehicle can tow:
Category I - for small and midsize vehicles
- Maximum capacity: 1,000 kg
- Suitable for: compact cars, small sedans
- Typical uses: small trailers, light cargo platforms
- Tongue weight up to: up to 50 kg
Category II - for compact SUVs and mid-size vehicles
- Maximum capacity: 1,500 kg
- Suitable for: compact SUVs, smaller double-cab pickups
- Typical uses: small caravans, trailers for light equipment
- Tongue weight up to: up to 75 kg
Category III - for large SUVs and vans
- Maximum capacity: 2,200 kg
- Suitable for: large SUVs, light commercial vehicles
- Typical uses: large caravans, car trailers
- Tongue weight up to: up to 100 kg
Category IV - for large and very large vehicles
- Maximum capacity: 5,000 kg
- Suitable for: pickups, heavy commercial vehicles
- Typical uses: industrial trailers, heavy platforms
- Tongue weight up to: up to 200 kg
Fifth wheel and gooseneck - for professional applications
These systems are designed for commercial vehicles performing high-tonnage towing and are not used by typical urban passenger car drivers. Capacity can exceed 10 tons, depending on the towing vehicle.
Impact on the engine and transmission system
Towing places significant stress on the engine-transmission assembly. Key aspects to consider:
Increased engine load
- Increased torque requirement - the engine must deliver extra power
- Higher operating temperatures - engine cooling is more strained
- Fuel consumption - may rise by 20-40% depending on weight
Effects on the transmission
- Gearbox - more stress, especially on inclines
- Clutch - accelerated wear on manual-transmission vehicles
- Cooling system - may require an upgrade for frequent towing
Precautions for safe operation
- Always respect the maximum allowable weight
- On steep grades, use the appropriate gear to avoid overstraining the engine
- Regularly check tire pressure — a loaded vehicle requires different pressures
- Adapt your driving style — braking and acceleration should be smoother
Modern uses and accessories
Modern tow hitches are used for more than towing. Popular alternative applications:
Bike racks
Mounting a bike carrier on the hitch offers advantages:
- Easy access to the cargo area
- Superior stability compared to roof racks
- Capacity for multiple bikes
- Better protection for the vehicle
Other useful accessories
- Ski and snowboard racks
- Platforms for additional cargo transport
- Carriers for scooters and small motorcycles
- Transport systems for sporting equipment
Legal and safety considerations
In Romania, the legislation provides:
- The hitch must be homologated and professionally installed
- The homologation certificate must be kept in the vehicle
- For trailers over 750 kg, separate registration is required
- Category B driving license allows towing up to 3,500 kg gross vehicle weight
Costs and economic considerations
Trailer hitch prices vary based on several factors:
Factors influencing price
- Category and capacity - higher-category hitches cost more
- Type of mounting - detachable systems are more expensive
- Vehicle brand - some models require specialized hitches
- Installation complexity - vehicles with sensors/cameras require adaptations
Estimated costs
- Hitch + installation: 500-1,500 RON for most vehicles
- Electrical installation: 200-500 RON extra
- Special adaptations: 300-800 RON for vehicles with advanced systems
The investment pays off quickly if you use the hitch regularly, avoiding rental trailer or towing service costs.
Choosing the right trailer hitch involves a careful assessment of your needs, your vehicle’s characteristics, and adherence to technical limits. An informed decision will provide safety in use and protection for your automotive investment.
